Wednesday, May 23, 2012

Sesquicentennial Stories: The Promise of UK #144


James Kennedy Patterson, served from 1869 to 1910 as president of the institutions that were to become the University of Kentucky. Through his vision, diplomatic skills, administrative acumen, and, at times, financial support, the fledgling Agricultural and Mechanical (A&M) College of Kentucky was transformed into an independent state university. 
Ambrotype of a young James Patterson
Patterson was born in the parish of Gorbals in Glasgow, Scotland in 1833. His family emigrated to the United States in 1842, when he was nine years of age, and settled near Madison, Indiana. Patterson received his B.A and Master of Arts degrees from Hanover College (Indiana) in 1856 and 1859, respectively, and an honorary Ph.D. from the same institution in 1875. In 1859 he married Lucelia Wing, daughter of a wealthy New Bedford, Massachusetts whaler who had moved to Kentucky about 1800. The Pattersons had two children, Jeanie Rumsey, who died in infancy, and William Andrew, who passed away in 1895 at the age of 27. 
Lucelia Wing Patterson
With the merger in 1865 of Transylvania College, Kentucky University (in Harrodsburg), and the newly state-chartered Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, Patterson was appointed professor of Latin and Civil History in this enlarged Kentucky University. At the same time he secured the chair of History and Metaphysics, which he occupied until 1910. In 1869 Patterson was elected third Presiding Officer of the University's now constituent Agricultural and Mechanical College. After denominational and theological bickering and debilitating financial hardship experienced by the hybrid institution, the State Legislature in 1878 formally separated the A&M College from KU, and Patterson assumed the position of president of the independent school.
Faculty of  A&M in 1885, first row, left to right: W. D. Lambuth, Latin and Greek Languages, President James K. Patterson (with the crutch), James G. White, Mathematics, second row, left to right, John Shackleford, English, third row, left to right, Dr. Robert Peter, Chemistry, and son, Alfred M. Peter, Chemistry, fourth row, left to right, J. C. McClelland, Academy and Lieutenant L. E. Phelps, Commandant, fifth row, left to right, A. T. Parker, Microscopist, F. M. Helveti,French and German Languages, (with long white beard and glasses), Walter K. Patterson, Academy, sixth row, left to right, J. R. Potter, Pedgogy Education, (with heavy facial hair except for chin), A. T. Parker, Microscopist, seventh row, left to right, A. E. Menke, Agriculture Chemistry, A. R. Crandall, Natural History, Maurice Kirby, Philosophy, John H. Neville, Greek and Latin, with no hat, and in the window, James K. Patterson's son, William A. Patterson.

One of the A&M president's foremost administrative efforts, following the erection of the college's first buildings on its new Lexington Fairgrounds site, ultimately at his own expense, was an attempt to repair the fiscal damage incurred by the school during its preceding thirteen years of existence in linkage with Kentucky University. To this end he led the fight to convince the Kentucky General Assembly to enact legislation establishing a one-half-cent state property tax to raise desperately needed funds to support the struggling College. The climax of his crusade - an impassioned speech on the floor of the Senate - succeeded in sweeping away the formidable, organized opposition to the tax, and the measure was approved in 1882. The revenues from this new tax, however, proved insufficient to provide for the college's stability and continued growth. With the financial situation of the institution in question, Patterson considered other means of fundraising. When all other options had been exhausted he secured a personal loan to procure the needed money.
President Patterson at his desk
Patterson proved a capable chief executive, administering the daily operations and affairs of the A&M College wisely and economically, although he was criticized by his detractors as unduly tyrannical and miserly, the latter particularly as it related to the salaries of employees and to physical expansion. Many in the community and state likewise felt that the president was incorrectly removing the college from its moorings in agricultural and engineering instruction, as mandated by the Morrill Land Grant Act, and setting it on a course of becoming an essentially liberal arts institution.
Dedication of the Patterson statue in 1934
Increasing curricular diversification led to upgrade A&M's official academic classification, and Patterson and his Board of Trustees in 1908 successfully lobbied the General Assembly in support of changing the school's name to: "State University, Lexington, Kentucky". He continued as president for two more years, assisting in the transition of the institution to University status. In 1910 he retired from the presidency. The Board of Trustees unanimously approved his stipulated conditions which included: attendance at Board and faculty meetings; serving as adviser to the incoming President and as representative of the University on the state and national level; and continued residence in the campus house built for the President in 1882, which he occupied until his death in 1922. The life and legacy of Kentucky's "Pater Universitatis" are today honored in University buildings and a roadway which bear his name, and in the great seated statue of the founder, erected in 1934, which sits adjacent to the institution's Main Building and astride the campus he built and nurtured.



Adapted from James Kennedy Patterson(1833-1922), 1869-1910 by Rob Parmley, Nancy DeMarcus, and Frank Stanger http://libraries.uky.edu/libpage.php?lweb_id=320&llib_id=13

The Guide to the James K. Patterson presidential papers, 1856-1957 can be found on ExploreUK at http://exploreuk.uky.edu/catalog/xt7ghx15n565/guide

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